Synthesis characterization and studies on multicomponent oxide materials based on vanadium pentoxide

Abstract

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of multi-cation-incorporatedV2O5 compounds, specifically Sb-and Ni-incorporated V2O5, to enhance theirstructural, electronic, and photocatalytic properties for advanced applications inenergy storage, environmental remediation, and antimicrobial therapies. Thecompounds V(1-x)2Ni3xO5-δ, V2-xSb2xO5-δ, and V2-xNi2xSbxO5-δ were synthesized viahigh-temperature solid-state reactions, and their structural integrity and phase stabilitywere confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy. These analyses revealed the coexistence of orthorhombicV2O5, monoclinic NiV2O6, and tetragonal SbVO4 phases, with varying degrees oflattice distortion and mixed oxidation states (V4+/V5+, Ni2+/Ni3+, Sb3+/Sb0), whichsignificantly enhanced their defect densities and redox behavior.The incorporation of Sb and Ni ions into the V2O5 lattice altered the materials'electronic properties, including their band gap restructuring, explained with Burstein-Moss effect. These modifications were supported by photoluminescence spectra,which showed defect-induced emissions. The compounds demonstrated substantialimprovements in dielectric properties, with frequency-dependent behavior suitable forenergy storage applications such as capacitors. AC conductivity was enhanced bypolaronic hopping mechanisms, although higher doping concentrations led to areduction in charge mobility due to increased structural defects.The photocatalytic activity of Sb-Ni-V2O5/g-C3N4 heterostructures was significantlyimproved, facilitating efficient visible-light-driven reactions for organic MethyleneBlue dye degradation. The Z-scheme photocatalysts exhibited enhanced chargeseparation, leading to effective generation of reactive oxygen species, crucial forpollutantmineralization.Additionally,theSb-Ni-V-Ocompoundsandheterostructures displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, inhibiting bothGram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains, attributed to oxidativestress and membrane disruption. Overall, the incorporation of Sb and Ni into V2O5yields multi-functional materials with enhanced electronic, photocatalytic, andantimicrobial properties, paving the way for their application in energy storagedevices, environmental remediation, and biomedical fields. Future research shouldfocus on optimizing dopant concentrations, exploring their use in energy storageapplications, and assessing their cytotoxicity for potential biomedical use.