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Scholar@UOC is the primary academic repository of the University of Calicut.

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Performance of selected urban local bodies in kerala with special reference to social infrastructure.
(M D college Pazhanji, University of Calicut, 2025) Sayooj Kumar.K.P; Rejimon.P.M
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the performance of selected Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, with an analytical emphasis on social infrastructure sectors, namely health and education. The broader aim is to evaluate how effectively these municipalities mobilise financial resources, deliver social services, and operate institutional systems that impact citizen welfare. The analysis is rooted in three key objectives: assessing financial indicators, evaluating the technical efficiency of the healthcare system, and examining the efficiency of the school education system under the jurisdiction of selected ULBs. The financial performance evaluation reveals that Thiruvananthapuram Corporation emerges as a benchmark, consistently outperforming others across revenue mobilisation, decentralised planning, and capital investment. Its administrative scale and governance capacity underpin this success, making it a role model for urban financial management. Among smaller municipalities, Attingal and Neyyattinkara demonstrate upward fiscal trajectories, especially in revenue generation and capital expenditure. Nedumangad follows with a modest yet stable performance. Varkala, however, consistently underperforms, particularly in non-tax revenue. The study finds that establishment costs dominate ULB expenditures. Operations and maintenance allocations, particularly in Neyyattinkara and Attingal, show a rising trend, indicating a transition toward service-intensive governance. Sectoral analysis reveals varied investment intensity. Health and education receive significant attention, particularly in Thiruvananthapuram and Nedumangad. Neyyattinkara displays volatility in both sectors. Varkala’s modest progress is constrained by poor allocation patterns, calling for policy correction. Drinking water and sanitation spending have surged in Thiruvananthapuram, while Neyyattinkara’s stagnation signals either project saturation or neglect. On governance, Thiruvananthapuram shows proactive funding of local government services and transferred institutions, suggesting institutional maturity. Other ULBs reveal mixed trends, with Varkala showing incremental growth, and Attingal and Nedumangad facing execution challenges. Neyyattinkara’s inconsistent allocations reflect weak planning, underlining the need for foundational administrative reforms. The healthcare system’s technical efficiency was assessed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), alongside staffing, service uptake, and waiting time indicators. Thiruvananthapuram Corporation leads in permanent staffing and service stability. Neyyattinkara’s expansion, driven by temporary hiring, highlights short-term service gains but raises concerns over sustainability. Varkala and Attingal’s reliance on temporary staff amid stagnant doctor numbers points to constrained expansion capacity. Patient flow data underscores Thiruvananthapuram’s dominance in healthcare access. While COVID-19 disrupted services, post-pandemic recovery varied, with Thiruvananthapuram and Neyyattinkara showing resilience, unlike Attingal and Varkala. Waiting time analysis shows 74.5% of patients were attended to within one hour, with Thiruvananthapuram and Neyyattinkara excelling. Statistically significant differences across ULBs indicate the role of governance in shaping service responsiveness. DEA results show that all ULBs, except Neyyattinkara, operate at technically and managerially efficient levels. Neyyattinkara’s excess inputs without corresponding output gains indicate inefficiencies arising from poor resource optimisation. Governance perception surveys further reinforce this, placing Thiruvananthapuram and Neyyattinkara at the top, despite the latter’s inefficiencies. In the education sector, both teacher-side and student-side indicators were examined. Leadership ~ effectiveness and administrative support are strongest in Thiruvananthapuram and Neyyattinkara. Varkala and Attingal suffer from fragmented governance. Faculty quality, infrastructure, and pedagogical practices align positively with governance indicators, reinforcing the centrality of systemic coherence. Neyyattinkara and Thiruvananthapuram perform well in ensuring faculty development, availability of teaching-learning resources, and sanitation facilities. In contrast, Attingal and Varkala lag significantly, especially in ICT access and learning material availability. From the student perspective, learning environment satisfaction, academic engagement, and aspirational readiness are markedly higher in Neyyattinkara and Thiruvananthapuram. These ULBs are recognised for fostering inclusive, safe, and forward-looking learning environments. Varkala shows the weakest student perceptions, revealing a systemic disconnection between inputs and student experiences. Neyyattinkara emerges as the top-performing ULB in education, combining efficient governance, strong pedagogy, and responsive student systems. Thiruvananthapuram, while slightly behind in output measures, benefits from administrative depth and infrastructure scale. Nedumangad performs moderately, whereas Attingal and Varkala need urgent reforms to improve school effectiveness and student satisfaction. The study proposes actionable recommendations: enhancing financial planning in underperforming municipalities, strategic staffing in healthcare, and performancebased budgeting in education. It advocates institutionalising the DEA for annual reviews, expanding community engagement in schools, and developing state-level monitoring systems to track ULB performance longitudinally. Further research is suggested to broaden the study’s scope. Including physical infrastructure, rural local bodies, and expanding DEA applications to the education sector could deepen the understanding of local governance performance. Expanding to a state-wide analysis may reveal broader trends and policy leverage points. Limitations of the study include its focus on a single district and on urban bodies only. DEA is confined to the healthcare sector, and the time frame spans a decade. Sample sizes in some categories, like doctors and paramedics, are also relatively small, affecting the generalisability of certain findings. The study offers a robust framework for evaluating ULB performance in Kerala. It reinforces the importance of aligning fiscal, institutional, and human resources to strengthen service delivery in health and education, two sectors crucial to inclusive urban development. ULBs like Thiruvananthapuram and Neyyattinkara offer replicable models, while others provide lessons for targeted reforms.
Detection classification and location identification of short circuit faults in power system network
(Govt. Engineering College, Trissur, University of Calicut, 2024) Binitha Joseph Mampilly; Sheeba, V S
A microgrid is a network consisting of one or several loads and distributed generation (DG)sources that operate as a single aggregate load or source. Microgrids help to manage the DGsources more efficiently. The penetration of distributed renewable energy sources degrades theprotection of microgrids, which leads to incorrect data flow in the energy systems. It is critical todetect faults , types of defects and location of faults in order to improve the protection and securityof microgrids. To cater this issue in hybrid renewable energy system, a novel fault detectionscheme is adopted using artificial intelligence. The deep learning techniques are applied foridentification, classification and location identification of short circuit faults. Advanced featureextraction methods like empirical mode decomposition are carried out for fault detection intransmission lines and found to be more efficient compared to DWT. Fault detection andclassification are carried out in an IEEE standard 30 bus network using Wavelet Transform (WT)and Bees Optimization Algorithm (BOA) based Improved Convolution Neural Network (ICNN).Matlab/Simulink is used to model a simple microgrid which is divided into four zones. Faults aresimulated to generate training data for the neural network model. To improve the accuracy of faultdetection, the features are extracted from the time series data using empirical wavelet transform(EWT). First, EWT evaluates the frequency components in the signal, then calculates the boundsand gets the basis of the oscillating components. The obtained samples are classified using a HybridConvolutional Recurrent Neural Network (HCRNN) and optimized by the Pelican OptimizationAlgorithm. Eleven types of faults are identified along with the location of faults using the proposedsystem. The results are compared with the existingmethods and found that the proposed methodhas improved the fault sample detection accuracy by 1.56%. The proposed approach significantlyreduce the response time to faults, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of powersystems.
Growth and development of autobiography in Indian arabic literature with special reference to Mudakkirathi of Sheikh Salman al Huseini al Nadwi
(Madeenathul Uloom Arabic College, University of Calicut, 2026) Suhfi Imran Thalappil; Yoosuf, T.K
This study, Entitled “Growth And Development Of Autobiography In Indian Arabic Literature: WithSpecial Reference To “Mudakkirathi” Of Sheikh Salman Al Huseini Al Nadwi” examines theemergence and development of autobiographical writing in India, where many works were composed inenglish and Urdu and later translated into Arabic.The research aims to highlight the status of autobiography in Arabic literature and todemonstrate India’s contribution to this field, with special focus on the autobiography“Mudakkirathi” By Sheikh Salman Al Huseini Al Nadwi as a distinguished example of anoriginal Arabic autobiography written in India.The thesis begins by defining autobiography and explaining its importance in Arabic literature.It also refers to the efforts of several scholars who have studied this genre and discusses majorexamples of modern Arabic autobiographical works, such as Al-Ayyām by Taha Hussein,Hayātī by Ahmad Amin, and Sab‘ūn by Mikhail Naimy, among others that contributed to thedevelopment of this literary form.The study then examines the condition of autobiographical writing in India. Most Indianautobiographies were originally written in Urdu or English and later translated into Arabic.Notable examples include The Story of My Experiments with Truth by Mahatma Gandhi,translated by Munir Baalbaki; India Wins Freedom by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, translatedby Dr. Nabila Yusuf Al-Zawawi; My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions; and Wingsof Fire, the autobiography of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, translated by Dr. Suhaib.Original autobiographies written directly in Arabic in India are very few and are often brief,usually written by the authors themselves within a limited number of pages. Among thesefigures are Abdul Hayy al-Laknawi and Siddiq Hasan Khan. Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khanincluded autobiographical details in several of his works, such as Abjad al-‘Ulūm, Al-Hittah,Fihris al-Fahāris, Al-Tāj al-Mukallal, and Al-Far‘ al-Nāmī fī al-Aṣl al-Sāmī. Similarly, AbuMahfuz al-Ma‘sumi presented his autobiography under the title “The Author’s Biography inHis Own Hand” within his book Buhūth wa Tanbīhāt. Others also contributed directly to thefield of autobiographical writing.The thesis dedicates a chapter to an analytical study of “Mudakkirathi” examining its style,chronological structure, themes, Arabic language, and its scholarly and reformist dimensions.It argues that this work represents an advanced stage in the development of Arabicautobiographical writing in India due to its clarity, organization, and refined presentation.The study concludes that autobiographical literature in Indian Arabic writing has witnessednoticeable development, and that “Mudakkirathi” stands as a significant example of thisprogress, contributing to the expansion of Arabic literature beyond its traditional geographicalboundaries.
Emotional maturity psychological resilience and locus of control as correlates of academic stress among higher secondary school students
(Institute of Advanced Studies in Education, University of Calicut, 2025) Bindu K. P.; Happy P. V.
Academic stress and related problems have become a growing concern all overthe world. Despite the availability of many experimentally proven psychotherapeuticmeasures to alleviate academic stress, the graph of academic stress always shows anupward trend. It points to the need for controlling academic stress at a morefundamental level by manipulating and controlling psychological factors at the bottomlevel of academic stress. In this context, the present study aims to understand howpsychological factors like emotional maturity, psychological resilience, and locus ofcontrol are related to academic stress of one of the most vulnerable group of students,viz., the higher secondary school students. The descriptive study employed surveymethod to collect data from a stratified random sample of 1232 higher secondaryschool students (Male = 583; Female = 649) in the age range 16-19, from 23 schoolsunder Directorate of Higher Secondary Education, Govt. of Kerala. The data collectedpsychometric instruments were analysed with SPSS to test 13 null hypotheses.The results of the analyses showed that demographic factors like type of family,and ordinal position exert significant differential influence on the distribution ofacademic stress and all the independent variables. While gender exert significantdifferential influence on all the variables except psychological resilience, thedifferential effect of socio-economic status is limited to locus of control. Emotionalmaturity, psychological resilience, and internal locus of control are significantly andnegatively correlated to academic stress showing that any improvement in these factorswill be accompanied by a corresponding decrease in academic stress experienced bythe students. While socio-economic status is a decisive factor in the relationship ofacademic stress to emotional maturity, psychological resilience, and locus of control,gender limit its influence to the relationship of academic stress to emotional maturityand psychological resilience. Though some of the ordinal positions are critical in theassociation of academic stress to emotional maturity and psychological resilience, typeof family do not exert any significant differential effect on the relationship of academicstress to any of the independent variables. Emotional Maturity (EM), Psychological Resilience (PR), and Internal Locusof Control (ILC) exert significant main effect on Academic Stress (AST). Emotionalmaturity and psychological resilience have significant interaction effects onacademic stress. Likewise, locus of control also has significant interaction effect onacademic stress with psychological resilience. The effect of emotional maturity onacademic stress in interaction with locus of control, however, is not significant. Theindependent variables have significant interaction effects on academic stress of HSS-students. While emotional maturity can significantly explain 38.5% variability,psychological resilience can explain 14.4% and internal locus of control can explain10.4% variabilities in academic stress of HSS-students. A total of 43.4% variabilityin the academic stress can be predicted jointly by the independent variables. All theindependent variables significantly contribute to the prediction of the dependentvariable. The multiple regression equation for academic stress (AST) worked out tobe AST = 258.904 – (0.536 X EM) – (0.095 X PR) – (0.202 X ILC).The findings of the study implies that immunity against academic stress must bedeveloped in students right from the beginning of education by taking measures tostrengthen their emotional maturity, psychological resilience and internal locus ofcontrol. Any measure taken by the school to alleviate academic stress by fosteringemotional maturity, psychological resilience, and internal locus of control shouldaddress female students, students from nuclear families and the ‘only children’, on apriority base. While providing counselling service to abate academic stress, teachersand school counsellors/psychologists should consider the influential demographicfactors to group them so as to make the intervention more effective. The significantinteraction effects of the independent variables on academic stress implies the need forability grouping of students based on these factors for school-based group therapy. Theregression equation has its implications for teachers, school counsellors/psychologists,administrators, curriculum planners, teacher educators and researchers to find out thevalue of one factor provided the value of other factors are known. The study has madesuggestion for further research in the light of the new avenues opened from currentresearch.
The Feminine Aspects of Human Rights in the poetry of 21st Century Hindi Women Poets
(Department of Hindi, University of Calicut, 2025) Shamila Abdul Shukkoor; Pramod Kovvaprath
The atrocities and injustice against women in modern society cannot be denied. The customsimposed on women by various principles of patriarchy are definitely violation of their human rights thepositive change that has come in the status of women with the changing social, cultural, religious andpolitical conditions is comparatively not upto the level. Women poets considered it as their duty to givevoice to the reality, they have experienced. Only women can represent the human rights violationhappening to them in a better way. Self experience can speak more louder than sympathy in thisperspective and attempt has been made to study the female perspective on human rights and poetrythrough female poets.The woman poets have brilliantly express the atrocities faced by women through their poetry.The entire study of research work has been divided into 6 chaptersChapter 1 - Human rights and its women's perspective- General Analysis Chapter 2 - The development of 21st century Hindi poetry Chapter 3- Female voice in Hindi poetry - A survey Chapter 4 Women aspects of human rights- Patriarchy & Women Chapter 5- Human rights and violence against women Chapter 6- Women identity and human rights The atrocities and human rights violations on women have been presented in an excellent wayby the poets. Katyayani's ‘khaufnaak Sharmindgi’ Alka Singh's ‘Ek ladki shinaakth’, Ambika Dutt's‘Damit aakanshaon ka geet’,Anuradha Singh's ‘Streeyon ka kulnaam’, Rashmi Bhardwaj's‘Bahanaapa’are some of the best examples of poems through which poets has deeply expressed theatrocities and human eights violations against women.Hence we can say that life of women is becoming difficult in the contemporary society. In orderto live her own life comfortably she is forced to think many times about the so called social norms. Theglorification of women has done by taking away a rights and courage to live. The woman poets havefearlessly expressed about the problems faced by women in the contemporary world as well as thehuman rights violations.