Institutional Repository

Scholar@UOC is the primary academic repository of the University of Calicut.

This repository is aimed to collect, preserve and distribute the research output of the members of our University. This is an open access system hosted and managed by the University Library.

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 38

Recent Submissions

A study on ecology conservation and utilization of Diospyros Crumenata thwaites in Kerala an endangered tree of the Western Ghats
(Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, University of Calicut., 2025) Rahul Jose; Anilkumar C.; Jothish P. S.
An extensive field survey of Diospyros crumenata, a threatened tree distributed in theWestern Ghats of Kerala, identified major populations in the Vazhachal, Peechi-Pattikkadforests and isolated individuals in the Chimmony WLS in Thrissur District. Based onpopulation size, the species was assessed as Critically Endangered. The low percentage of pre-reproductive trees, as assessed by an inverted J-shaped curve, lower values of the ImportanceValue Index (IVI), and poor seedling counts indicate a declining trend in the population. Thespecies primarily inhabits wet soils and watercourse areas, serving as microhabitats. Thespecies' habitats are under threat due to power projects, road expansion, and the risk of forestfires. The dioecious trees showed irregularities in flowering, abnormal abscission of flowersand immature fruits, assumed to be ineffective pollination due to insufficient insect pollinatorsin a short period of blooming. The sweet, aromatic, fleshy fruit pulp was consumed along withthe seeds by mammals, resulting in an estimated 70% seed loss, which negatively impacted thesoil seed bank and seedling regeneration. The recalcitrant seeds on scarification followed bysoaking in tap water for 24 hours improved germination to 100% within 15 days compared to66% germination within 24 days of sowing in control sets. The seeds stored in closedpolycarbonate containers in the controlled conditions of the seed bank, 20± 2°C; 40% RH,showed extended viability for up to 10 months. The application of auxin, IBA at 3000 ppm,resulted in stem rooting of 70% within 60-70 days under controlled nursery conditions,compared to 20% in the control set. Air -layering success of 100% was achieved with NAA at5000 ppm, while the control set did not induce rooting. Acute oral toxicity tests of the ripe fruitpulp on adult Wistar rats revealed no toxicity. The nutritional analysis of the ripe fruitsindicated that they are more nutrient-dense than commonly cultivated fruits. The evaluation ofthe seeds revealed significant mineral content, chemical content, antioxidant activity, and thepresence of promising bioactive compounds. The habitat distribution model, developed usingMaxEnt software, identified potential distribution areas in the Western Ghats of Kerala,pinpointing suitable niche models for species reintroduction. Seed and seedling infestationscaused by fungal pathogens were identified at the molecular level, enabling effective diseasemanagement.
Financial literacy and financial inclusion among the tribal communities in Kerala
(Government College Kodanchery, University of Calicut, 2026) Muhammed Shamil M N.; Anil Kumar. K
Financial literacy refers to the set of skills and knowledge that allows an individual tomake informed and effective decisions with all of their financial resources. It is thecapacity to have familiarity with and understanding of financial products and services.Financial inclusion is the process of delivering affordable financial products andservices to underprivileged and low-income groups within a population. Theseservices include savings, remittances, payments, insurance, loans and all the financialadvisory support facilitated by the formal financial system. Access to a bank accountinstills a sense of recognition, identity, trust and empowerment in the minds of themarginalised communities. The objectives of the study are: to assess the level offinancial literacy and the level of financial inclusion among the tribal communities inKerala, to analyse the role of financial literacy in promoting financial inclusion amongthe tribal communities and to examine the status of financial planning, financialanxiety and financial confidence among the tribal households. The sampling unit forthe study consists of the financial heads of households from tribal communities inKerala and the determined sample size for the study is 450. Multistage RandomSampling Method has been used in this study and nine tribal communities wereselected accordingly. Descriptive statistics such as: frequencies, percentages, mean,and standard deviation were used for the purposes of summarising socio-demographiccharacteristics and for displaying the general states of financial literacy and inclusion.Inferential statistical methods including independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests,One-Way Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA), Friedman test, Scheffe’s post-hoc test, Sobel test, Pearson correlation, Simple linear regression, Multiple linearregression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used in accordance with theobjectives of the study. The results of the study revealed that, despite considerableadvancements in enhancing access to financial services for Scheduled Tribes inKerala, significant deficiencies remain in terms of usage, effectiveness andsustainability. The levels of financial literacy were found notably low across various communities with disparities influenced by factors such as education, income, age,occupation and regional factors. This limited financial literacy adversely impacts bothbasic digital financial literacy and financial inclusion which emphasizes the necessityfor integrated approaches rather than isolated initiatives. Strengthening financialliteracy, generating confidence in financial decision-making and minimisingprocedural barriers are requisites for transforming passive access into meaningfulinclusion. At the same time, enhancing insurance coverage, encouraging diversifiedsavings practices and promoting trust through culturally sensitive service delivery cansignificantly contribute to long-term financial security. Policy-level interventions,community-based initiatives and innovative financial products must work in synergymode to bridge existing inequalities.
From conquest to control East India company rule in malabar 1792 1858
(NSS, College Manjeri, University of Calicut, 2026) Anitha.M.; Sajan, R
The region of Malabar - the territory between Cochin and Canara, the Arabian Sea, and theWestern Ghats - comprised of the northern districts of present Kerala State, namely, Kasargod,Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram, and Palakkad. By the treaty of Srirangapatanam,concluded on the 18th March 1792, Malabar became part of the British domains in India,Malabar was ceded along with other tracts to the East India Company, and placed under theBombay Presidency. The unparalleled colonial experience of Malabar reshaped the history ofthe land in the later years. At the end of 1800, the province was transferred to the Madraspresidency. Now the country was for the first time in its history brought under a colonial power.The administrative settlements in Malabar by the company had far reaching results on its socio-economic structure. The immediate impact of the British policy was the ruin of traditional,handicrafts in Malabar leaving the artisans to lead a life of penury. The Bombay commissionersand later the joint commissioners appointed by the company introduced a series ofadministrative regulations in Malabar.In the context of Malabar, the English East India Company took the administration in 1792,and emerged as a kind of super lord through the domination over the indigenous rulers. Theadvent of Company rule in Malabar replaced the traditional customs and introduced structuralchanges in the society and economy. East India Company conquered Malabar and introducedan effective administrative system, like land revenue, and the establishment of prison, Army,police, Education, rule of law, judiciary and health administration in Malabar. The Companyaimed to establish a fully functioning administrative system in Malabar which was to be in aposition to collect the taxes levied by the British regularly.
Reliability aspects of relevation transforms with special emphasis to extreme models
(Department of Statistics, University of Calicut, 2026) Anand, R.; Chandran, C.; Dileepkumar. M
This thesis investigates the reliability properties and theoretical developmentsof the relevation and reversed relevation transforms, with emphasis on theirapplications in reliability theory and extreme value analysis.The studyexamines these transforms under modified proportional hazards and proportionalreversed hazards frameworks, analyzing their aging characteristics, stochasticordering properties, and characterization results.It introduces multi-phaseauto-relevation and reversed auto-relevation transforms, establishing their con-nections with stochastic processes such as the non-homogeneous Poisson process.Several new distributional models, including generalizations of the exponential,log-logistic, Fréchet, and half-logistic distributions, are developed and analyzedin terms of reliability behavior, tail properties, and applicability to both completeand censored data. The work further incorporates quantile-based formulationsand information measures to provide deeper structural insights, with applicationsin risk assessment and stress–strength reliability analysis using real data. Inthe context of extreme value theory, the truncated generalized extreme valuedistribution and its reversed auto-relevation version are studied. Parameterestimation of the generalized extreme value distribution is addressed throughregression-based methods, supported by a review of existing techniques and theconstruction of bootstrap confidence intervals, with performance evaluated viasimulation studies. Overall, the thesis provides a comprehensive framework forrelevation transform based reliability modeling, combining theoretical advance-ments with practical applicability.
Performance dynamics of primary agricultural credit societies in Kerala a multi dimensional approach
(Sri C. Achutha Menon Government College, Kuttanellur, Thrissur, University of Calicut, 2026) Johnson N J; Deepa Paul
Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) constitute the foundational tier ofIndia’s cooperative credit structure and play a critical role in rural financialintermediation. Despite operating within a relatively uniform regulatory andinstitutional framework in Kerala, PACS exhibit persistent heterogeneity in financialperformance, raising concerns regarding sustainability, efficiency, and governance.This study examines the performance dynamics of PACS in Kerala through amultidimensional analytical framework, treating profitability not as an isolatedaccounting outcome but as a systemic manifestation of underlying structuralconditions. Using audited secondary data obtained from the Cooperative AccountingManagement Information System (CAMIS), the study analyses a purposively selectedlongitudinal sample of persistently profit-making and persistently loss-making PACSover a five-year period. The research develops and empirically validates a compositeperformance framework—GLOSP—integrating growth, liquidity, operationalefficiency, and solvency as core structural dimensions, while treating profitability asan outcome variable.The empirical strategy combines descriptive diagnostics, Z-score standardisation,composite index construction, mean difference testing, panel regression modelling,and binary choice estimation. The findings demonstrate that PACS performance isinherently multidimensional and cannot be explained by isolated financial indicators.Cross-sectional models indicate that operational efficiency and liquidity arecomparatively associated with profitability variation; however, panel estimationsreveal that no single dimension independently explains within-institution profitabilityover time. These results suggest that cooperative sustainability emerges from theinteraction of structural financial conditions rather than from dominant individualpredictors.The GLOSP composite index enables the classification of institutions intodifferentiated performance categories and facilitates a quadrant-based evaluationcombining structural strength and profitability status. The analysis reveals thatstructural capacity and short-term profitability may diverge due to institutionalconstraints, timing effects, and managerial factors. The study concludes that uniformrevival and recapitalisation strategies are insufficient to address institutionalheterogeneity and that diagnostic, multidimensional monitoring frameworks areessential for sustainable cooperative governance.By advancing a structured composite performance model and empiricallydemonstrating the systemic nature of cooperative sustainability, the study contributesconceptually, methodologically, and policy-wise to the literature on cooperativefinance and rural financial institutions.