Single-step synthesis of rGO and ZnO/rGO composite using non-toxic precursors: Investigating a broad range of apllications.

Abstract

ZnO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites are widely recognized for their exceptional multifunctionality. This thesis aims to contribute toward establishing a reliable and sustainable method for synthesizing rGO and ZnO/rGO composites in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We introduce a novel, rapid, and environmentally friendly single-step method for synthesizing ZnO/rGO nanocomposites through the pyrolysis of sucrose and zinc acetate. Unlike conventional methods, this approach is distinguished by its environmental sustainability, as it avoids the use of toxic chemicals and generates no harmful byproducts. This method advances the development of sustainable technologies by providing a green alternative for the cost-effective production of rGO/ZnO composites from inexpensive precursors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a single-step, rapid synthesis of rGO/ZnO composites via pyrolysis of table sugar and zinc acetate. The streamlined procedure enables bulk production in minutes, making it highly suitable for scalable, industrial applications. In addition to the synthesis, this work investigates the multifunctional capabilities of ZnO/rGO composites, translating scientific innovation into practical, real-world applications. The material demonstrated excellent performance in heavy- metal removal from Cr(VI)- and Pb(II)-contaminated water, as well as in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants such as methylene blue, rhodamine B, and the antibiotic ofloxacin, highlighting its strong potential for wastewater purification. It also demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against both Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria, highlighting its promise for biomedical and disinfection applications. Preliminary electrochemical studies further indicate its suitability for energy-storage devices such as supercapacitors. Overall, this work integrates green chemistry, environmental remediation, public health, and clean energy solutions, thereby contributing meaningfully to multiple global sustainability goals. This method not only simplifies the synthesis process but also represents a sustainableand energy-efficient approach, making a meaningful contribution to the advancement of green nanomaterial synthesis