Access participation and diversity among learners in primary schools of Kerala

Abstract

Education plays an important role in promoting equality, social justice, and unity in a diverse society like India. Schools are the first formal institutions where children from different socio-cultural, religious, and economic backgrounds come together and learn to live in harmony. In recent years, concerns about increasing private unaided schools and related issues have been raised by many social critics like Soman Kadalur and others, which may lead to cultural compartmentalisation and reduce interaction among students from different socio-cultural and religious backgrounds. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the extent of access, participation, and socio-cultural and religious diversity among learners in different types of schools in Kerala. Several educational reforms and programmes have been implemented to improve the quality of school facilities in Kerala. The ASER report (2024) shows that enrolment among childrenaged 6-14 remains above 98% in Kerala. But disparities are still reported in infrastructural facilities, curricular and co-curricular opportunities, and inclusion of diverse practices. Since the primary level is an important stage for social development, the study was carried out to understand how far schools in Kerala provide access, encourage participation, and give students opportunities to experience socio-cultural and religious diversity through their practices and programmes. Therefore, a systematic study on access, participation, and diversity in primary schools in Kerala is necessary to understand the existing situation and to suggest measures for improvement.