| dc.description.abstract | Sacred groves, also known as sacred forests or temple forests, hold significant
cultural, ecological, and spiritual importance in many regions. These protected areas
in Kerala, India, are valued for their biodiversity, ecological benefits, and the
preservation of indigenous and endangered species. Local communities use taboos,
limitations, and traditional beliefs to maintain these groves, which are the last
remaining intact forest sections in a landscape severely damaged by human activities
like agriculture and deforestation. The Palakkad area is an important site for these
groves, as they provide a home for a variety of species, including indigenous and
endangered species. The local community reveres the sacred woods and often
associates them with spirits or deities. These groves are essential for providing
ecosystem services, such as water and air purification. From 70 sacred groves, 529
species belonging to 377 genera and 115 families were identified, listed, and herbaria
prepared with available specimens. The flora of sacred groves in Palakkad district
includes 181 herbs, 119 shrubs, 74 climbers, and 155 trees. The greatest diversity
documented was found in Athippattamana Nagakanya Kshethram, with the minimum
diversity observed in Punnakkodu Naga Kshethram representing only 11 species.
Sacred groves are linked to various ceremonies that serve to meet our needs, such as
banishing Sarpa Dosham and preventing diseases like vitiligo, psoriasis, and leprosy.
Threats to sacred groves include shifts in belief systems, invasive species
proliferation, construction of roads and temples, electric lines, and inadequate
boundaries and fencing. Effective management and conservation are crucial to
maintaining these ecologically important sites. Red listed plants, such as endangered
and critically endangered species, are present in these groves. 39 endemic and 28
IUCN red listed plant species are documented from these groves.Out of 529 plants
reported in Palakkad district, 303 are used for treating illnesses. However, unscientific
collection and over-exploitation of these plants can compromise the assets and
warrant sustainable management. Hindu religious rituals also heavily influence nature
worship, affecting sociocultural and environmental aspects of cultures. Future
generations need to preserve these precious groves. The sacred groves in Kerala are
home to a variety of plant species, including the popular offerings to Serpent Gods.
These groves are home to a high biodiversity, including IUCN Red List species and a
keystone species, Ficus benghalensis L., which provides a niche for a significantvariety of birds and plants. However, overcrowding by invasive weeds reduces
species diversity and destroys habitat in sacred groves. The increasing presence of
invasive species and the pollution of soil and water contribute to the threat to these
ecosystems. The survival of these groves is threatened by various development
strategies and alterations in the social structure. In conclusion, the preservation of
sacred groves is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and preserving the natural
resources of the region. | en_US |
