Social transformation and Ramakrishna Movement in Kerala, with special reference to the role of Swami Nirmalananda

Abstract

Though there are studies on the Ramakrishna Mission and its impact on different parts of India, studies on the Mission’s impact on Kerala society are comparatively less, and the role played by Swami Nirmalanada, the fore runner of Ramakrishna movement in Kerala is almost absent in Kerala history. The present study is an attempt to analyse how far the Ramakrishna Movement could create an awakening in the caste-ridden society of Kerala and the relevance of their immense contribution in the field of education, health, and other fields in the social scenario of Kerala. Objectives: The study aims: to analyse how far the Movement could create an awakening in the society; to assess Swami Nirmalananda's contribution as the pioneer of the Ramakrishna movement in Kerala; to examine how far the Ramakrishna Mission addresses the question of caste system and untouchability in Kerala. Relevance and Scope of the Study: Unlike the other all Indian Socio-religious movements, the Ramakrishna Movement influenced the social life of Kerala and to a great extent created a new thought among the intellectuals and inspired the people indirectly. It paved the way for social transformation and influenced the ideas of other social reformers. In this context it is necessary to examine why this Movement, inspite of all its limitations, still exists in Kerala and how far this movement was able to reach the ordinary people through their social activities. Methodology: The methodology used in this study is descriptive, empirical, and analytical. Hypotheses of Study: The present study aims to prove or disprove the following hypotheses with source of information rationally and objectively: the Ramakrishna Mission had influenced the society of Kerala than the other similar social movements; the Order could bring social transformation in Kerala through their activities; the Movement in Kerala left an impact on various issues like educational rights, temple entry, relief activities. etc; the Mission could address the question of caste system and untouchability in Kerala through inter-dining and admitting all people in the Ashrams irrespective of caste distinctions. Design of the Study: The present work is structured into four chapters excluding introduction and conclusion. The first chapter details the background of Socio-Religious Reform Movement in Kerala. The second chapter is on the Origin and growth of Ramakrishna Movement. The third chapter is titled ‘Swami Nirmalananda, initiator of the Ramakrishna Movement in Kerala’. The fourth chapter is on the ‘Activities of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission in Kerala’. Conclusion: Apart from the summary, the limitations of the Mission are also addressed in the Conclusion. The concept of Universal religion and the idea of ‘Manava Seva-Madava Seva’makes the Mission a distinct organisation. Inspired by these, the Mission continues in its endeavour to bring social change in Kerala.